Spray nozzle and method of spraying liquid



Jan. 16, 1923.

L. H. PARKER. SPRAY NOZZLE AND METHQD 0F SPRAYING LIQUID.

ii ya 5 $164) '5 07 dd 1% 3% J i g 4 /7//////% I W L W Patented Jan. 16, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEE H. PARKER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO SPRAY ENGINEERING COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

SPRAY NOZZLE AND METHOD OF SPRAYING LIQUID.

Application filed .Tune 3,

To all whom it may cmwem:

Be it known that I, LEE H. PARKER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Spray Nozzles and Methods of Spraying Liquid, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like )arts.

I This invention relates to spray nozzles and to methods of spraying liquid.

In order that the principle of the invention may readily be understood, I have in the accompanying drawings disclosed several embodiments of the nozzle of my invention and will set forth the best mode known to me for practising the method of my invention.

In the drawing,-

Fig. 1 is a vertical transverse section with the inner part or member in elevation, of a nozzle constructed in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section upon the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 looking downward in said figure;

Fig- 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of another form of my invention;

Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line l-A of Fig, 3 of such form of my invention;

Figs. 5 and 6 are views similar to Figs. 1 and 2 of another form of my invention; and

Figs. 7 and 8 are figures similar to Figs. 1 and 2 of still another form of my invention.

In accordance with my invention, I provide means to give a whirling or rotar motion to the liquid to be sprayed. within a suitable nozzle, and provide the inner wall or face of the nozzle with means against which at least a portion of the liquid impinges in such a way that the entire volume of liquid becomes thoroughly mixed in the mixing chamber of the nozzleaand issues from the nozzle in a spray that is of substantially uniform homogeneity in transverse section throughout. My invention may be practised in different ways and, I

hav in the drawing set forth several forms of nozzle, all of which are comprehended within the scope thereof.

Referring first to that form of nozzle shown in Figs. land 2, I provide a nozzle casing 1 having a threaded inlet end 2 and 1920. Serial No. 386,243

a discharge orifice 3, the upper end of the nozzle being preferably tapered and providing a mixing chamber 4 wherein the constitutent parts of the liquid arethoroughlymixed and from which they issue 1n a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

In the Eneas Patent N 0. 1,239,168, dated September 4, 1917, means are provided for establishing an inner or axial jet and one or more surrounding and preferably rotary jets. In accordance with my resent invention, however, I do not rovi e an inner or axial jet, but subject t e entire stream entering the nozzle at 2 to a whirling or rotary motion in any suitable manner as b means of a core member or portion whic may be integral with the inner face of the casing 1 or structurally separate therefrom. I have herein represented such core member or portion at 5 as having a central part 6 and a plurality of spirals, helices or vanes 7, 7, 7 of any suitable number and extending at any desired angle as far about the axial center of the nozzle as desired. The said spirals or vanes terminate below the mixing chamber 4 and all the liquid entering the A chamber is subjected to a spiral action. It

will be understood, however. that within the scope and purpose of my invention I can introduce a liquid axially of the nozzle to be mixed within th mixing chamber 4 with the other parts thereof. I advance of the spirals or vanes 7 I provide suitable means carriedby or formed with the inner face of the nozzle 1 against which a portion of the liquid impinges so as to break up the continuity of its whirling character and to cause the intimate mixing of all the constituent parts of the liquid. To this end, I have herein represented the inner face of the casing as having an annular recess 8, wherein a preferably split ring such as 9 is inserted from the lower or larger end of the nozzle, so that it springs into place and remains firmly seated. Obviously, however. any other suitable means may be provided as for example by tapping an opening or openings in the wall of the casing at or substantially at themixing chamber, so that a suitable plug or plugs may be positioned with its or their inner ends within the nozzle acting as a suitable obstruction or abutment means.

In that form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2 I have provided the split ring 9 with a single inwardly projecting web or member 10 here shown as having a neck portion 11 of less vertical extent than the main obstructing portion 10. The inner surface of the split ring should be such, desirably, as to present no obstruction to the flow of the liquid.

I have found as the result of extensive experimentation that the provision of a single obstructing member or portion such as 10 extendin radially or approximately radially inward nearly to the axial line of the nozzle results in such a thorough mixing of the constituent particles of the entire stream or series of jets that the spray issuing from the nozzle exit 3 is of substantially uniform homogeneity in transverse section throughout. Obviously my invention is not restricted to the use of asingle member such as 10. but this construction has given excellent results. Such member 10 may be positioned at any desired point between the upper end of the spirals or vanes 7 and the upper portion of the mixing chamber 4. but I have discovered that the nearer the member I0 is to the top of the vanes or spiral 7. the larger should be said member 10. The means within the mixing chamber to cause the intermixing and breaking up of the centrifugal character of the streams is of less extent circumferentially where positioned, than is the wall of the chamber; it is notcontinuous about the chamber. It is circumferentially discontinuous. Such means preterably comprises spaced parts which conjointly cause a thorough intermixing and breaking up. V

In that form of my invention shown in Fi s. 3 and 4, I have represented substantiaIlv the same form of core member .3 ex cepting that I have therein represented the axial or central portion 6 as extending at 6' above the upper ends of the vanes or spirals 7. Such construction, however, may or may not be provided, and in the several forms of my invention herein illustrated, the lower part of the central portion 6 may or may not extend below the lower ends of the vanes or spirals 7.

Upon the inner face of the nozzle casing 1 I provide in any suitable manner, and herein upon a split ring 12 a plurality of inwardly extending projections represented as cylindrical stems 13 having substantially spherical heads 14. This form of my invention has given very satisfactory results and this may be due in part to the fact that the head 14 while serving to break up the whirling character of the jets. do not present sharp or abrupt edges or formations that will cause eddy currents. Desirably the said heads 14 should be slightly spaced apart and desirably. but not necessarily. they should be in substantially the same plane transversely of the nozzle. In this form of:

my invention, as well as in all the forms thereof the liquid is thoroughly mixed in the mixing chamber 4 and issues through the .exit opening 3 in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity throughout.

' In that form of my invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6, I provide the inner face of the nozzle 1 with preferably a series of inwardly extending projections. and such projections may be supported in any suita ble manner. As a convenient means for such support I have represented a split ring 15 having preferably integral therewith a series of projections. abutments or formations 16 with preferably reduced stems 17 substantially as indicated in said figure. Desirably, but not necessarily, the parts 16 are in substantially the same transverse plane and at their inn s r ends they are somewhat spaced apart. 'Their number may be varied within the scope of my invention, being two or more as desired, but I have found that three such parts equally spaced about the inner surface of the nozzle in substantially the same transverse plane give excellent results.

In Figs. 7 and 8, I have represented still another form of my invention. and in such form the central portion 17 of the core memher or portion is shown as of greater transverse extent. but this is immaterial to the broad scope and purpose of my invention.

Suitably above the upper ends of the vanes or spirals 7 I provide suitable obstructions, one or more in number. here shown as inwardly extending webs 1t) hav ing their central portions removed as indirated at 20. These obstructions or webs 2 are represented as integral with a split ring 21 similar in character to that shown in the other forms of my invention, but if desired said obstructions or webs may be supported at the inner face of the nozzle 1 in any suitable manner, and their number may be varied as desired.

In the forms of my invention shown in Figs. 5 and 7. the several constituent parts of the jets are thoroughly mixed or intermingled within the mixing chamber 4 so as to issue from the outlet'B in a stream of substantially uniform homogeneity throughout.

Having thus described several embodi ments of my invention. and the best mode known to me for practising the method of my invention, I desire it to be understood that although specific terms are employed. they are used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. the scope of the invention being setforth in the following claims.

I claim 1. A spray nozzle comprising in combination. a shell or casing having an inlet adapted to receive a flowing stream of liquid under pressure from a source of supply, means within the casing to subject the liquid to a whirling or centrifugal action, a mixing chamber in advance of said means and having a constricted solid-stream outlet direct to the atmosphere, and means within .the mixing chamber and of less extent cirrumferentially where positioned, than is the wall. of the chamber, to cause a thorough in tcrmixing of the streams and the breaking up of the centrifugal character sufliciently to cause the mixed liquid to be discharged in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

2. A spray" nozzle comprising in combination, a shell or casing having an inlet adapted to receive a flowing stream of liquid under pressure from a source of supply, said shell or casing being symmetrically formed with respect to the inlet and outlet, means within the casing to subject the liquid to a whirling or centrifugal action, a mixing chamber in advance of said means and having a constricted solid-stream outlet direct to the atmosphere, and means within the mixing chamber but not continuous about the chamber, to cause a thorough intermixing of the streams and the breaking up of the centrifugal character sufliciently to cause the mixed liquid to be discharged in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity. i

3. A spray nozzle comprising in combination, a shell or casing having an outlet and having an inlet adapted to receive a flowing stream of liquid under pressure from a source of supply, means within the casing to subject the liquid to a whirling or centrifugal action, a mixing chamber in advance of said means and having a constricted solid-stream outlet direct to the atmosphere and means within the mixing chamber and symmetrically but circumferentially discontinuously placed with respect to the liquid stream to cause a thorough in termixing of the streams and the breaking up of the centrifugal character sufliciently to cause the mixed liquid to be discharged ina spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

4. A spray nozzle comprising in combi nation, a shell or (-asin having an outlet and having an inlet 21( apted to receive a flowing stream of liquid under pressure from a source of supply, means within the casing to subject the liquid to a whirling or centrifugal action, a mixing chamber in advance of said meansand having a constricted solid-stream outletdirect to the atmosphere, and spaced means within the mixing chamber symmetrically placed both with respect to the liquid stream and with respect to the means for producing the whirling or centrifugal action conjointly, to cause a thorough intermixing of the streams and the hreal zing up of the centrifugal character sufliciei'itly to cause the mixed liquid to be discharged in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

5. A spray nozzle comprising in combination, a shell or casing having an outlet and having an inlet adapted to receive a flowing stream of liquid under pressure from a source of supply, means symmetrically arranged within the shell or casing to subject the liquid to a whirling or centrifugal action, a mixing chamber in advance of said symmetrically arranged means and having a constricted solid-stream outlet direct to the atmosphere, and spaced means within the mixing chamber conjointly to cause a thorough intermixing of the streams and the breaking up of the centrifugal character sufiiciently to cause the mixed liquid to be discharged in a spray of uniform homogeneity.

6. A spray nozzle comprising in combination, a shell or casing having an outlet and having an inlet adapted to receive a flowing stream of liquid under pressure from a source of supply, symmetrically arranged spirals to subject the liquid to a whirling or centrifugal action, a mixing chamber in advance of said spirals and having a constricted solid-stream outlet direct to the atmosphere and spaced means within the mixing chamber and symmetrically arranged with respect to the stream of liquid conjointly to cause a thorough intermixing of the streams and the breaking up of the centrifugal character sufficiently to cause the mixed liquid to be discharged in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

7. A spray nozzle comprising in combina- *tion, a shell or casing having an outlet and having an inlet adapted to receive a flowing stream of liquid under pressure from a source of suppl means within the casing to subject the liquid to a whirling or centrifugal action, a mixing chamber in advance of said means and having a constricted solid-stream outlet direct to the atmosphere, and means within the mixing chamber projecting at intervals into the stream conjointly to cause a thorough intermixing of the constituent parts of the stream, and the breaking up of the cen trifugal character thereof sufficiently to cause the mixed liquid to be discharged in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

8. A spray nozzle comprising in combination, a shell or casing having an outlet and having an inlet adapted to receive a flowing stream of liquid under pressure from a source of supply, means within the casing to subject the liquid to a whirling or centrifugal action, a mixing chamber in advance of said means and having a constricted solid-stream outlet direct to the atmosphere, and means within the mixing chamber but extending less than wholly thereabout and structurally distinct from the means for imparting the whirling or centrifugal action to cause a thorough intermixing of the streams and the breaking up of the centrifugal character sufficiently to cause mixed liquid to be discharged in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneit i). A spray nozzle comprising in combination, a shell or casing having an inlet adapted to receive a flowing stream of liquid under pressure from a source of su pl means within the casing to subject the liquid to a whirling or centrifugal action, a mixing chamber in advance of said plurality of spaced means and having a constricted solid-stream outlet direct to the atmosphere, and means within the mixing chamber and projecting from the wall thereof inward so as to receive the impact of the liquid upon the under faces thereof, thereby conjointly to cause a thorough intermixing of the streams and the breaking up of the centrifugal character sufiiciently to cause the mixed liquid to be discharged in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

10. That method of spraying liquid comrising introducing symmetrically a stream into a confined space, subjecting the stream while in said confined space to a whirling or centrifugal action, directing the whirling stream into a mixing chamber and there symmetrically but discontinuously breaking up and thoroughly mixing the constituent parts of the stream and immediately issuing said constituent parts from the mixin chamber into free space in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

11. A spray nozzle comprising in combination a shell or casing having an inlet adapted to receive a flowing stream of liquid under pressure from a source of supply and having a constricted solid-stream outlet direct to the atmosphere, means within the casing to subject the liquid to-a whirling or centrifugal action, a mixin chamber in advance of said means and of darger diameter than said constricted outlet,and means within the mixing chamber and of less extent circumferentially of said chamber than is the wall of the chamber Where said means is positioned, to cause a thorough intermixing of the streams, and the breaking up of the centrifugal character of the stream sufficiently to cause the mixed liquid to be discharged in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

LEE H. PARKER.

Certificate of Correction.

It is herelg certified that in Letters Patent- No. 1,442,356 nted Janu'ary 16, 1923, upon 0 apglica-tlon of Lee H. Parker, of Boston, hlfigachusetts, for an improvement in gm Nozzle and Methods of S raying Llquid, errors ap in the printed speoi cetwn requiring correction as allows: P 3', line 115, c aim 7, before the word stream ineert the word liquid page 4, lme 8, claim 8, after word cause insert the art-mole the; same page, iines 17 and 18, claim 9, strike oul: the words f plurality of spaced; same page and claim, line 20, after the word and, first ooourrenoe, insert the words a plurality of spaced; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same mu. eonform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

igned and sealed this 27th day of February, A. D., 1923.

[um] KARL FENNING.

Acting Oomniau'mr of Patents. 

